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Oesophageal Carcinoma

A headshot of a middle-aged Caucasian man, wearing glasses, smiling softly at the camera.

If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with oesophageal cancer, you may be trying to learn as much as possible about the disease and its treatments. Read on to find out more.

The information on this website should be discussed with your healthcare professional and does not replace their advice.

What is oesophageal carcinoma?

Oesophageal carcinoma is cancer that starts at any point along the length of the oesophagus.

The oesophagus is a tube that takes food and liquids from your mouth to your stomach. It is also known as the food pipe or gullet.

These are the two main subtypes of oesophageal carcinoma:

An icon representing the oesophagus, with the number 1 encircled next to it
  • Adenocarcinoma: This type of oesophageal carcinoma commonly starts close to the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), which is the junction where the oesophagus and stomach meet.
An icon representing the oesophagus, with the number 2 encircled next to it
  • Squamous cell carcinoma: This type of oesophageal carcinoma commonly begins in the upper and middle section of the oesophagus.

As with all cancers, treatment options vary based on a variety of factors. Some of the things that are taken into consideration include the type and stage of the cancer as well as your general health and personal preferences.

Deciding which treatment is most appropriate is a shared process between you and your healthcare team. One treatment option that may be considered is immunotherapy. Immunotherapy works by helping your immune system fight your cancer.

Treatment with KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab)

KEYTRUDA is an immunotherapy that may be used to treat certain patients with oeosphageal or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma:

  • KEYTRUDA may be used with chemotherapy as your first treatment when your cancer has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. However, KEYTRUDA is not funded for the treatment of these patients, which means you will need to pay for the full cost of the medicine and its administration.

To determine if KEYTRUDA is a suitable option for you, please consult your doctor.

References:

Cancer Council Australia. 2024. Understanding Stomach and Oesophageal Cancers. A guide for people with cancer, their families and friends. 
Available at: https://www.cancer.org.au/assets/pdf/understanding-stomach-and-oesophageal-cancer-booklet
Accessed on 22/04/2025  

American Cancer Society. Treatment Types
Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types.html
Accessed on 26/6/2024 

American Cancer Society. Understanding Your Options for Cancer treatment.
Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/making-treatment-decisions/making-decisions.html
Accessed on 20/10/2025

National Cancer Institute. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Immunotherapy.
Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/immunotherapy 
Accessed on 17/6/2019 

KEYTRUDA Data Sheet  

KEYTRUDA Consumer Medicine Information

NZ-KEY-00882v3. TAPS DA 2515PC TAPS NP24028. Last updated February 2026.