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Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A headshot of a grey-haired Caucasian man, looking pensively off into the distance.

If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, you may be trying to learn as much as possible about the disease and its treatments. Read on to find out more.

The information on this website should be discussed with your healthcare professional and does not replace their advice.

What is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?

Head and neck cancer is a general term for cancers that start in the head and neck area. Most of these cancers begin in the moist lining of the mouth, nose or throat and are known as squamous cell carcinomas.

Head and neck cancers are more common in men than in women.

In cancer care, the head and neck area includes the:

  • Nose – the nasal cavity (the area inside and behind the nose) and the sinuses.
  • Mouth – the lips and structures within the oral cavity, such as the tongue, palate (roof of the mouth), gums, and jaw.
  • Salivary glands – located under the tongue, around the lower jaw, and in front of the ears.
  • Throat or pharynx.
  • Voice box or larynx.
  • Skin of the head and neck.

Cancers that start in the brain, eyes, oesophagus (food pipe), trachea (windpipe), and the bones and muscles of the head and neck are not considered head and neck cancers.

As with all cancers, treatment options vary based on a variety of factors. Some of the things that are taken into consideration include the type and stage of the cancer as well as your general health and personal preferences.

Deciding which treatment is most appropriate is a shared process between you and your healthcare team. One treatment option that may be considered is immunotherapy. Immunotherapy works by helping your immune system fight your cancer.

Treatment with KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab)

KEYTRUDA is an immunotherapy that may be used to treat certain patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer:

  • KEYTRUDA may be used alone before surgery, continued after surgery together with radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy) and then continued alone – when your head and neck can be removed by surgery and your tumour tests positive for a type of protein known as “PD-L1”. However, KEYTRUDA is not funded for these patients, which means you will need to pay for the full cost of the medicine and its administration.
  • KEYTRUDA may be used in combination with chemotherapy as your first treatment when your head and neck cancer has spread or returned and cannot be removed by surgery. KEYTRUDA is funded for patients who meet specific criteria.
  • KEYTRUDA may be used alone as your first treatment when your head and neck cancer has spread or returned and cannot be removed by surgery, and your tumour tests positive for a type of protein known as “PD-L1”. KEYTRUDA is funded for patients who meet specific criteria.
  • KEYTRUDA may be used alone when your head and neck cancer has spread or returned and cannot be removed by surgery, and you have received chemotherapy that contains platinum and it did not work or is no longer working. However, KEYTRUDA is not funded for these patients, which means you will need to pay for the full cost of the medicine and its administration.

To determine if KEYTRUDA is a suitable option for you, please consult your doctor.

References:

Cancer Council Australia. 2024. Understanding Head and Neck Cancers. A guide for people with cancer, their families and friends.
Available at: https://www.cancer.org.au/assets/pdf/understanding-head-and-neck-cancer-booklet
Accessed on 20/08/2024

KEYTRUDA Data Sheet

PHARMAC. The Pharmaceutical Schedule.
Available at: https://www.pharmac.govt.nz/pharmaceutical-schedule
Accessed on 17/07/2025

KEYTRUDA Consumer Medicine Information

NZ-KEY-00877v7. TAPS DA 2515PC TAPS NP23231. Last updated June 2026.