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Colorectal Cancer

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If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with colorectal cancer which is shown by a laboratory test to be MSI-H/dMMR, you may be trying to learn as much as possible about the disease and its treatments. MSI-H is short for MicroSatellite Instability-High. dMMR is short for deficient MisMatch Repair. Read on to find out more.

The information on this website should be discussed with your healthcare professional and does not replace their advice.

An icon representing colorectal cancer

What is colorectal cancer?

Colorectal cancer is cancer in any part of the colon or rectum (large bowel).

Other names for colorectal cancer include colon cancer or rectal cancer. You may also hear people use the term bowel cancer.

The colon and the rectum are one of the last parts of the digestive system. Cancers in these areas can start as a growth on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. These growths are called polyps.

Colorectal cancer most commonly occurs in people older than 50, however it can start at any age.

An icon representing DNA

What is MSI-H/dMMR?

MSI-H/dMMR are biomarkers that can be found in many different types of cancer, including colorectal cancer.

As with all cancers, treatment options vary based on a variety of factors. Some of the things that are taken into consideration include the type and stage of the cancer as well as your general health and personal preferences.

Deciding which treatment is most appropriate is a shared process between you and your healthcare team. One treatment option that may be considered is immunotherapy. Immunotherapy works by helping your immune system fight your cancer.

Treatment with KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab)

KEYTRUDA is an immunotherapy that may be used to treat certain patients with MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer:

  • KEYTRUDA may be used as your first treatment when your cancer has spread or cannot be removed by surgery, and has been shown by a laboratory test to be MSI-H or dMMR. KEYTRUDA is funded for patients who meet specific criteria.
  • KEYTRUDA may be used in adults and children when your cancer has spread or cannot be removed by surgery, and has been shown by a laboratory test to be MSI-H or dMMR, and has progressed after treatment with certain chemotherapy. KEYTRUDA is funded for patients who meet specific criteria.

To determine if KEYTRUDA is a suitable option for you, please consult your doctor.

References:

National Cancer Institute. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. MSI-H cancer.
Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/msi-h-cancer
Accessed on 20/03/2025

National Cancer Institute. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Mismatch repair deficiency.
Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/mismatch-repair-deficiency
Accessed on 20/03/2025

Cancer Council Australia. 2025. Understanding Bowel Cancer. A guide for people with cancer, their families and friends.
Available at: https://www.cancer.org.au/assets/pdf/understanding-bowel-cancer-booklet
Accessed on 22/04/2025

American Cancer Society. Understanding Your Options for Cancer treatment.
Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/making-treatment-decisions/making-decisions.html
Accessed on 19/10/2025

National Cancer Institute. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Immunotherapy.
Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/immunotherapy
Accessed on 17/6/2019

KEYTRUDA Data Sheet

KEYTRUDA Consumer Medicine Information

PHARMAC. The Pharmaceutical Schedule.
Available at: https://www.pharmac.govt.nz/pharmaceutical-schedule
Accessed on 17/07/2025

NZ-KEY-00874v6. TAPS DA 2515PC TAPS NP24373. Last updated June 2026.